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<XML><RECORDS>
<RECORD>
	<REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE>
	<AUTHORS>
		<AUTHOR>Huszár, H</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>Pogány, A</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>Bozóki, Z</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>Mohácsi, Á</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>Horváth, L</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>Szabó, G</AUTHOR>
	</AUTHORS>
	<YEAR>2008</YEAR>
	<TITLE>Ammonia monitoring at ppb level using photoacoustic spectroscopy for environmental application</TITLE>
	<SECONDARY_TITLE>Sensors and Actuators B</SECONDARY_TITLE>
	<PUBLISHER>Elsevier</PUBLISHER>
	<VOLUME>134</VOLUME>
	<PAGES>1027-1033</PAGES>
	<ABSTRACT>&lt;p&gt;A novel photoacoustic (PA) trace-ammonia analyzer for measuring ambient ammonia concentration in the lower ppb concentration range has been developed. It is based on a wavelength-modulated, telecommunication type, room temperature-operated diode laser light source, an acoustically optimized, longitudinal resonator type small volume photoacoustic cell and a compact multi-functional electronics unit, which ensures the fully automatic long-term operation of the system. It has a response time below 2 min, which is achieved by using a photoacoustic cell made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and gas-handling tubes made of polyamide 11 (PA-11). A dual wavelength measurement method with optimized measurement wavelengths and laser modulation parameters was introduced, which proved to efficiently suppress cross-sensitivity to other atmospheric components, most importantly to water vapor, while improving the sensitivity of the system. The developed PA system was tested with reference to a continuous-flow denuder system (AMANDA) under both laboratory and simulated field conditions, and it featured highly reliable, fully automatic operation with a detection limit of about 50 ppb of ammonia. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</ABSTRACT>
</RECORD>
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